Past investigations of the NAS have likewise found no association between serum ICAM-1 and LINE-1 leucocyte methylation levels.48 Whether methylation of ICAM-1 in white cell count predicts serum ICAM-1 levels derived solely from white cell count (vs other sources), and whether this ICAM-1 independently contributes to higher risks of CHD, should be explored in future studies. The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is coronary artery disorder.