Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been shown to stimulate CK2 activity in Swiss L929, 3T3 and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells [26, 29, 30], and interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been reported to activate CK2 in intestinal epithelial cells [31]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and cervical carcinoma.