IL6 and infection: In this study, we found that the infection of influenza A virus subtype A/Quali/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2) on HPMECs induced excessive production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IP-10 (Fig. 1A), RANTES (Fig. 1B) and IL-6 (Fig. 1C) in a time-related manner.