We observed that HBx down-regulated AP-1 activation at 0.1- to 0.2-fold of the levels of control in LX-2 cells (Fig 1A), although we also added lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which are associated with hepatic fibrosis [28]. The gene discussed is JUN; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.