BECN1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In comparison to the control cells, there was a 1.6- and 1.9-fold increase in the expression level of beclin 1 when treated with ALS at 1 and 5 μM, respectively; and there was a 1.7-, 1.4-, and 1.5-fold increase in LC3-II/LC3-I ratio when treated with ALS at 0.1, 1, and 5 μM, respectively (p < 0.01; Figure 7A,B).