MTOR and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: We have found that ALS exerts a remarkable inducing effect on cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and markedly promotes apoptosis and autophagy in concentration- and time-dependent manners in both cell lines with the involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including mitochondrial pathway, death receptor signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p38 MAPK, and AMPK signaling pathways.