We first examined the effects of VCP inhibition by directly comparing the ability of the VCP inhibitors N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine (DBeQ)27 and Nerviano Medical Sciences-873 (NMS-873)42 with that of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, to kill a range of solid cancer and MM cell lines, as well as primary MM cells. This evidence concerns the gene VCP and Miyoshi myopathy.