A previous study examining pAkt and total Akt expression in the kidney in response to rIPC differed from ours in terms of: 1) the remote site used for IC (the liver instead of the hind limb/pelvic organs), 2) the algorithm (a single cycle of 10 minutes of ischemia followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion vs. four cycles of 5 minutes of ischemia and 5 minutes of reperfusion), 3) anaesthetic agent (intraperitoneal pentobarbital vs. inhaled sevoflurane/N2O), 4) duration of unilateral renal ischemia (30 minutes vs. 37 minutes), and 5) sampling time of pAkt and total Akt (15 minutes vs. 7 days) [64]. Here, AKT1 is linked to ischemia.