In agreement with the putative role of HO-1 in viral infection, in vitro hemin induction of HO-1 results in the suppression of HIV replication in previously inoculated cells, whereas in a humanized mouse model of HIV pathogenesis, HO-1 induction suppressed infection at a clinically relevant dose.17 Thus, induction of HO-1 may represent a novel antiviral strategy. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and infection.