BVR is expressed mainly in macrophages, the spleen and the liver and has been observed to be overexpressed in renal carcinoma cells and in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients.21, 22 This pattern underscores the pleiotropic features of BVR that include acting as a transcription factor in response to stress, modulating signal transduction based on its Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase activity, directing protein–protein interactions and activating signaling pathways.21 Here, BLVRA is linked to renal carcinoma.