Within this analysis microglia were shown to express a disease signature markedly more proinflammatory than that currently portrayed in the literature for prion disease and more akin to other protein-misfolding diseases, notably Alzheimer's disease, in which microglia are observed as expressing a repertoire of proinflammatory cytokines, including Tnfa, Il1b, and Il6 (93, –, 95). Here, TNF is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.