ACE and Glomerular sclerosis: The intrarenal concentration of Ang II in the ACE DD genotype is 1000 times higher than that of plasma.28 It increases the intraglomerular pressure, induces transforming growth factor to exert a prosclerotic activity leading to interstitial proliferation, and prevent the degradation of the glomerular interstitium, further aggravating glomerular sclerosis.15 Thus, the genetic polymorphism of the ACE I/D may be associated with the occurrence and progression of VUR.