In this example, three of the aforementioned targets– HSPA8, ANXA5, and HSPB4 (CRYAA)–were confirmed among the immunoprecipitated macular lysate proteins that were upregulated in the AMD serum compared to the control serum and subsequently verified as such by ELISA criteria (see below). Here, HSPA8 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.