HSPA8, HSPA9, HSPB4/CRYAA, ANXA5 and S100A9 are of particular interest due to their expression in human macular tissues, their upregulation in AMD donor eyes, their known role in autophagy, protection from oxidative stress and apoptosis, and/or immunomodulation. This evidence concerns the gene HSPA8 and age-related macular degeneration.