The results of several in vitro and in vivo investigations of the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed that modulation of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-including ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL receptor-mediated cytotoxic pathway might partially contribute to the clinical efficiency of combined treatment with 5-FU and IFN-β without hepatotoxicity or toxicity against normal tissues [20]. The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.