INS and myocardial infarction: Other factors such as HF [10], myocardial infarction (MI) [11], hypoxia [12, 13], IL-1β [14], IL-6 [14], PPARδ [15, 16], NF-κΒ [17], glucose [18, 19], insulin [20], Akt [21], c-Myc [22], the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway [23], reactive oxygen species [17], growth hormone [24], androgens [25], and angiotensin II [26] have also been reported to downregulate Ppara expression.