MAPT and Alzheimer disease: Central pathological hallmarks in the brain of a patient with AD are (i) genes; (ii) amyloid plaques; (iii) neurofibrillary tangles, which is hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and other pathological changes associated with this neurodegenerative disorder; (iv) inflammation; (v) gliosis; (vi) oxidative stress; (vii) neuronal dystrophy; (viii) neuronal loss; (ix) synapse loss; (x) altered levels of neurotransmitter; and (xi) cell cycle [161].