In other mouse models, deficiency in DUSP4 has been linked with increased susceptibility to Leishmania major infections due to reduced Th1 but increased Th2 responses [14]; the deletion of DUSP4 also introduces resistance to LPS-induced sepsis by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 [13]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Sepsis.