TNF and Cachexia: Exposure to TNFα, a cytokine frequently associated with cachexia, has been shown to induce methylation of CpG islands within the MyoD locus, and the histone methylarginine transferases PRMT5 and WDR77/MEP50 can induce transcriptional repression of C/EBPβ target genes by inducing the symmetrical dimethylation of histone H4 arginine 3 [62, 63].