Subsequently, the added value of computational models will be illustrated with four different clinical cases of non-unions: non-union induced by reaming of the marrow canal and periosteal stripping, non-union due to a large interfragmentary gap, non-union due to a genetic disorder (i.e. NF1 related congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia (CPT)) and non-union due to mechanical overload. Here, NF1 is linked to congenital pseudoarthrosis of the limbs.