Neuron-restrictive silencer factor, a transcriptional repressor reported to regulate the expression of more than 2000 genes [29], and its downstream target BDNF, a neuron-specific growth factor involved in neurogenesis, cell survival, and synaptic plasticity [30], [31], [32], [33], have been shown to be differentially regulated in rodent models of epilepsy [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43]. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and epilepsy.