Several cytokines, including tumour-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL1, IL6, IL8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), play important roles in the development process of periodontitis. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and periodontitis.