Recombination of a single PTEN allele does not result in detectable pAkt expression (Marino et al., 2002), owing to the haplosufficiency of PTEN. Importantly, all three models, Adeno-Cre, Adeno-GFAP-Cre and endoxifen-induced GLAST::CreERT2-mediated recombination, elicit the same type of tumours, i.e. a range of astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumours with indistinguishable immunoprofiles (Fig. 6E-L). The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is neoplasm.