Oct3/4(+) CSC transplantation led to a significant reduction in cross-sectional cardiomyocyte diameters compared with MI-PBS mice, but inhibition of Oct3/4 abrogated the beneficial effect of CSC treatment of MI heart, suggesting that the anti-remodeling process of CSC treatment in post-MI heart involves Oct3/4. This evidence concerns the gene POU5F1 and myocardial infarction.