Before we can develop techniques to precisely classify breast tumours into different types according to their responses to TGFβ, the associations between the tumour mRNA levels and patients’ clinical outcomes may not only provide prognostic value for patients but also assist in classifying tumours according to their potential responses to TGFβ and selecting patients for the TGFβ signalling pathway targeted therapies that are under development [6]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.