TNF and Sepsis: The onset and perpetuation of sepsis involve the up-regulation of NF-κB (Müller et al. 1993) and a complex network of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (Beutler and Cerami 1989; Durum et al. 1985; Hofer et al. 2009; Wong and Clark 1988).