CCL2 and prostate carcinoma: In selected mig cells with increased CCL2 levels, the increased level of TGF-β1 mRNA correlated inversely with that of AR (Figure 3B, 3C), suggesting that during CCL2-mediated EMT, prostate cancer cells differentially regulated the levels of AR and TGF-β1 to enable prostate cancer cells to increase their ability to migrate in vitro.