TNF and glomerulonephritis: Real-time PCR analysis of whole kidneys identified a marked increase in the gene expression of leukocyte markers (CD68, CD3e), proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, CCL2) and macrophage elastase (MMP-12) in untreated and vehicle-treated mice at day 15 of glomerulonephritis (Fig 5G–5L).