VDR and melanoma: Many recent studies have focused on VDR polymorphisms as risk factors for these health outcomes, and some VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are reported to be associated with risk of T2D [18], several forms of cancer including breast, prostate cancer, and malignant melanoma [19, 20], cancer-related mortality [21] and CAD [22–25], but not overall mortality [26].