Further studies have cemented these findings, where the presence of the R172H mutant p53 protein conferred significant growth and metastatic propensity to tumors compared to the loss of p53, in several oncogene-induced models, including Ras and APC, in a variety of tumor types such as lung and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (46, 48, 49). Here, TP53 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.