CASP3 and breast cancer: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or breast cancers that express caspase 3 show reduced survival (2), PGE2 promotes renal carcinoma cell invasion that may contribute to metastasis (5), and recent studies indicate that blocking PGE2 production with cyclooxygenase inhibitors improves outcomes in bladder and breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy or RT (6, 7).