CCL5 and severe acute respiratory syndrome: Nonetheless, SARS-CoV infection led to the phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells, with regard to MHC class II and costimulatory molecule expression, T cell-stimulatory capacity, and cytokine/chemokine production including TNF-α, MIP-1α/CCL-3, RANTES/CCL-5, IP-10/CXCL-10, and MCP-1/CCL-2 [35, 40].