In addition to elevated AGEs and RAGE expression in granulosa cells of the polycystic ovaries, another mechanism of AGEs induced ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS is proposed via interference in sustained LH action via AGE-RAGE signaling which leads to ERK1/2 MAPKs activation (mitogen-activated protein kinase) during oocyte maturation [58]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and polycystic ovary syndrome.