CCL2 and cystitis: These studies revealed that MC involvement in neurogenic bladder inflammation and pain in cystitis [93] are in association with E-cadherin [94], via histamine and its receptors H1 and H2 on the bladder afferents [88,95], via both TNF and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)-dependent [96,97] and -independent pathways [88,95], via neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor [88], via chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2)-mediated activation [98,99] and via Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) [100].