XBP1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: For example, IRF7 (the interferon regulatory factor 7) driven regulatory cascade in which genetic variation on chromosome 15q25 leads to type 1 diabetes (pathway: 04940) [36] and XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1) induce pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and apoptosis of type 1 diabetes [37] (Figure 3(b)).