Indeed, our results in this study demonstrated that α-MSH at different doses rectified the overexpression of the proinflammatory genes, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in the scopolamine-induced dry eye corneas and conjunctivas (Fig. 2), suggesting the potent anti-inflammatory effects of this peptide. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.