SMAD1 and cancer: Banck et al. [13] performed exome sequencing of 48 small intestinal NETs and identified 197 protein-altering somatic single nucleotide variations with a preponderance of cancer-related genes such as FGFR2, MEN1, HOOK3, EZH2, MLF1, CARD11, VHL, NONO, and SMAD1. However, most of these mutations were not recurrently identified.