In NSCLC, the discovery that somatic alterations of driver gene, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic large kinase (ALK) gene, are found in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with sensitivity to molecular target therapy has provided a rationale for the development of therapies in NSCLC [13–15]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is lung adenocarcinoma.