ESR1 and breast carcinoma: Meanwhile, Pauklin et al. [35] have reported the estrogen induced increase of APOBEC3B gene expression by nearly 1.5-fold in a dose-dependent manner, but not APOBEC3C gene and other members in human MCF-7 cells, suggesting the possibility that ER may directly (or indirectly) regulate APOBECs in breast cancer cells through recruiting chromatin modifiers [36].