INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes, characterized by dysregulated circulating blood glucose levels, is consequent to pancreatic beta cell destruction yielding little to no insulin production (type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) or insulin resistance stemming from genetic predisposition, age, obesity, hypertension, and/or sedentary lifestyle habits (type II, noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM).