Furthermore, HIV-1 infection has been shown to alter glycosylation in host cells, and it is conceivable that HIV-1 might affect HLA class I glycosylation, either as a host response mechanism or a direct immunevasive tactic depending on whether HLA class I binding to NK cell receptors is enhanced or diminished by the altered glycosylation pattern. Here, KLRD1 is linked to HIV-1 infection.