RUNX1-Ecotropic viral integration site (Evi)-1 chimeric gene is generated by the t(3;21)(q26;q22) translocation and plays a pivotal role in progression of different hematopoietic stem cell malignancies [myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic myelogenous leukemia to acute blastic crisis phase, and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)]. This evidence concerns the gene RUNX1 and acute myeloid leukemia.