NFAT5 and Hypokalemia: Previous studies of hypokalemia-induced NDI in animal models have mostly investigated the long-term effects of potassium deprivation (several days to weeks), focusing on a limited number of target molecules in the kidney such as AQP2, urea transporters, sodium channels, the transcriptional activator TonEBP, and cAMP11, 12, 13, 14, 31, 32, 33.