NFE2L2 and diabetic kidney disease: We showed that hyperoside was capable of inducing the phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9, consistent with previous findings which indicate that the plant antioxidant compounds sulforaphane, quercetin and puerarin enhance the inhibitory Ser9-phosphorylation of GSK-3β and Nrf2 nuclear translocation in diabetic nephropathy models, normal bronchial epithelial cells and neuronal cultures [18, 33, 34].