MTOR and hepatocellular carcinoma: BKM120 has previously been shown to inhibit some other pathways, including the AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, the AKT/GSK3/FBXW7 pathway in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and the AKT/FOXO3a axis in lung cancer cells.42, 45, 46, 47 Our study uncovers for the first time that BKM120 can also modulate NF-κB, another critical substrate of AKT.