Neonates with TGFβ-1 (rs2241712) had a decreased incidence of NEC-related perforation (p = 0.044; OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08–0.97) and an increased incidence of mortality (p = 0.049; OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.01 – 8.86). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and necrotizing enterocolitis.