To confirm the in vitro findings with ex vivo observations, an immunohistological analyses of STAT3 phosphorylation and acetylation together with SHP-1 expression were performed in 100 human carcinoma samples from head and neck (n=50) and lung (n=50) cancers (Fig. 7a, Supplementary Fig. 6a). The gene discussed is PTPN6; the disease is cancer.