However, mutations in two genes associated with ALS, charged multivesicular body protein‐2B (CHMP2B) and the lipid phosphatase Fig4(FIG4) lead to severe impairment of the autophagic pathway, strengthening the hypothesis that autophagy defect may contribute to ALS (Lee et al, 2007; Ferguson et al, 2009). The gene discussed is CHMP2B; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.