AGER and snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration: 2009; Olsson and Jood 2013). The upregulation of RAGE expression was found in human atherosclerotic plaques and aortic vessels (Ritthaler et al. 1995; Cipollone et al. 2003). Variants in the RAGE gene, such as rs1800625, rs1800624, and rs2070600 polymorphisms, had been shown to be associated with diabetic atherosclerosis (Pettersson‐Fernholm et al. 2003). In one case–control study, genetic variation rs1035798 SNP in the RAGE gene was observed to be associated with the subtype of small‐vessel disease (SVD), but not with overall ischemic stroke (IS) (Olsson and Jood 2013).