INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose levels, caused either by lack of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of the insulin secreting cells in the pancreas (Type 1 diabetes), or by reduced insulin sensitivity of insulin responsive tissues, so-called insulin-resistance (Type 2 diabetes, T2D) or by a combination of both disorders (ADA, 2014[1]) In either condition, regulation of glucose homeostasis is impaired.