In this study, we evaluated the protein and mRNA expression levels of seven biomarkers involved in DNA repair (ERCC1, BRCA1, RRM1, RRM2, and p53R2), DNA synthesis (TS), and cellular division (TUBB3) to test the hypothesis that these biomarkers could act as prognostic factors in radically resected NSCLC patients. This evidence concerns the gene ERCC1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.