Subcellular mislocalisation of mutant huntingtin to cell nuclei may directly affect transcription: however, as AKT and MEK pathways are known to play a role in gene expression, either by direct regulation or through the phosphorylation of other proteins [16,40–43], disruption of these upstream kinase signalling pathways by mutant huntingtin may also be a mechanism by which transcriptional regulation is altered in HD. Here, HTT is linked to Huntington disease.