In the current study of Pakistani T2DM subjects genetic association was studied of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE and PAI-1, which belong to the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) and Plasminogen Activator System (PAS), respectively, we observed significant association of ACE polymorphism with DR and NPDR. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.